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<p>An <i>identifier</i> is an arbitrarily long sequence of letters, digits, and underscores, which begins a non-digit. Identifiers are case-sensitive.
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td>
<div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="name.html%23In_declarations"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">In declarations</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="name.html%23In_expressions"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">In expressions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="name.html%23Names"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Names</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="name.html%23Qualified_identifiers"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Qualified identifiers</span></a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></table>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: In declarations">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="In_declarations">In declarations</span>
</h3>
<p>Identifiers can be used <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations">to name</a> objects, types, namespaces, and other entities, with the following exceptions:
</p>
<ul>
<li> The identifiers that are <a href="../keywords.html" title="cpp/keyword">keywords</a> cannot be used for other purposes.
</li>
<li> All identifiers with a double underscore anywhere are reserved
</li>
<li> All identifiers that begin with an underscore followed by an uppercase letter are reserved.
</li>
<li> All identifiers that begin with an underscore are reserved for use at global namespace.
</li>
</ul>
<p>('reserved' means that standard library headers #define or declare such names for their internal needs, and if the programmer uses such names, a name collision may occur)
</p>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: In expressions">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="In_expressions">In expressions</span>
</h3>
<p>An identifier that names a variable or a function can be used as an <a href="expressions.html" title="cpp/language/expressions">expressions</a>. The expression consisting of just the identifier returns the entity named by the identifier and its <a href="value_category.html" title="cpp/language/value category">value category</a> is <i>lvalue</i> if the identifier names a function, a variable, or a data member, and it is <i>prvalue</i> otherwise (e.g. the identifier <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">nullptr</span></span> is a prvalue expression)
</p>
<p>Within the body of a non-static <a href="member_functions.html" title="cpp/language/member functions">member function</a>, each identifier that names a non-static member is implicitly transformed to a class member access expression.
</p>
<p>Besides simple names of objects and functions, the following language constructs can be used in expressions in the same role (together with identifiers they are known as <i>id-expressions</i>)
</p>
<ul>
<li> name of an operator function, such as <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator <span class="sy2">+</span></span></span> or <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../memory/new/operator_new.html"><span class="kw556">operator new</span></a></span></span>
</li>
<li> name of a user-defined conversion function, such as <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator <span class="kw4">bool</span></span></span>
</li>
<li> name of a user-defined literal operator, such as <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator <span class="st0">""</span> _km</span></span>
</li>
<li> the character <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">~</span></span> followed by class name, such as <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">~MyClass</span></span>
</li>
<li> the character <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">~</span></span> followed by <a href="decltype.html" title="cpp/language/decltype">decltype</a> specifier, such as <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">~decltype<span class="br0">(</span>str<span class="br0">)</span></span></span>
</li>
<li> a template identifier, such as <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">MyTemplate<span class="sy1">&lt;</span><span class="kw4">int</span><span class="sy1">&gt;</span></span></span>
</li>
<li> <i>qualified identifiers</i>, such as <span class="t-lc"><a href="../string/basic_string.html" title="cpp/string/basic string">std::string</a></span> or <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">tolower</span></span></span>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Names">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Names">Names</span>
</h3>
<p>A <i>name</i> is the use of one of the following to refer to an entity or to a label:
</p>
<ul>
<li> identifier
</li>
<li> operator in function notation (<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator<span class="sy2">+</span></span></span>, <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><a href="../memory/new/operator_new.html"><span class="kw556">operator new</span></a></span></span>)
</li>
<li> user-defined literal operator (<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator <span class="st0">""</span> _km</span></span>)
</li>
<li> <a href="cast_operator.html" title="cpp/language/cast operator">user-defined conversion function</a> (<span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">operator <span class="kw4">bool</span></span></span>)
</li>
<li> template id (<code>name&lt;arg, arg&gt;</code>)
</li>
</ul>
<p>Every name that denotes an entity is introduced into the program by a <a href="declarations.html" title="cpp/language/declarations">declaration</a>. Every name that denotes a label is introduced into the program either by a <a href="goto.html" title="cpp/language/goto">goto</a> statement or by a <a href="statements.html%23Labels" title="cpp/language/statements">labeled statement</a>. A name used in more than one translation unit may refer to the same or different entities, depending on <a href="storage_duration.html%23Linkage" title="cpp/language/storage duration">linkage</a>.
</p>
<p>When the compiler encounters an unknown name in a program, it associates it with the declaration that introduced the name by means of <a href="lookup.html" title="cpp/language/lookup">name lookup</a>, except for the <a href="dependent_name.html" title="cpp/language/dependent name">dependent names</a> in template declarations and definitions (for those names, the compiler determines whether they name a type, a template, or some other entity, which may require <a href="dependent_name.html" title="cpp/language/dependent name">explicit disambiguation</a>)
</p>
<h3>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php" title="Edit section: Qualified identifiers">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Qualified_identifiers">Qualified identifiers</span>
</h3>
<p>A <i>qualified identifier</i> is an identifier, operator function name, literal operator name, or a template identifier that is prepended by a scope resolution operator <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy4">::</span></span></span>, and optionally, a sequence of class or namespace names separated by scope resolution operators:
</p>
<p>For example, the expression <span class="t-lc"><a href="../string/basic_string/npos.html" title="cpp/string/basic string/npos">std::string::npos</a></span> is an id-expression that names the static member <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">npos</span></span> in the class <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">string</span></span> in namespace <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std</span></span>. The expression <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">tolower</span></span></span> names the function <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">tolower</span></span> in the global namespace. The expression <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp"><span class="sy4">::</span><a href="../io/basic_ostream.html"><span class="kw1439">std::<span class="me2">cout</span></span></a></span></span> names the global variable <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">cout</span></span> in namespace <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">std</span></span>, which is a top-level namespace. The qualified identifier <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">boost<span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">signals2</span><span class="sy4">::</span><span class="me2">connection</span></span></span> names the type <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">connection</span></span> declared in namespace <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">signals2</span></span>, which is declared in namespace <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi cpp source-cpp">boost</span></span>.
</p>
<p>The keyword <a href="../keyword/template.html" title="cpp/keyword/template"><tt>template</tt></a> may appear in qualified identifiers as necessary to disambiguate <a href="dependent_name.html" title="cpp/language/dependent name">dependent template names</a>.
</p>
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